“燕山雪花大如席,片片吹落軒轅臺。”《中國天文年歷》顯示,12月07日11時46分迎來2022年“大雪”節氣。

The twenty-first solar term of 2022 , Major Snow (Daxue in Chinese), falls on December 7th at 11:46, when the longitude of the Sun reaches 255o. As the cold wave travels south, snowfall range will expand further. In the north, thousands of miles of land will be covered will snow and ice, while in the south, the sky and the air will be filled with silver fluttering snowflakes.

天象預報

大雪 major snow——冬至 winter solstice

太陽

從蛇夫座運行至人馬座。目前太陽活動性有所增強,太陽正面有數群黑子,可通過帶減光的望遠鏡觀測。

The Sun travels from Ophiuchus to Sagittarius. Currently, solar activities are increasinig, with a few groups of sunspots on its surface. They can be observed through a telescope with a solar filter.

月亮

12月8日02:43火星合月,12:08望。當晚,我國可見明亮的滿月和火星一起相伴從東北方地平線升起,整夜可見。歐洲、北美等地在7日晚還可見月掩火星的天象。

The moon is at conjunction with Mars at 02:43 on December 8th. It reaches full moon at 12:08. At that night, a bright full moon will rise together with Mars from China's north-eastern horizon, remaining visible for the whole night. In Europe and North America, the lunar occultation of Mars can be seen on December 7th.

水星

在人馬座順行。12月21日23時,水星東大距,日距離角約20°。日落后可向西南方低空用望遠鏡嘗試觀測。

Mercury travels in prograde motion in Sagittarius. It is at the greatest eastern elongation on December 21th at 23 ,with an 20° angular distance from the sun. It can be observed in the lower southwestern sky after sunset with a telescope.

金星

在人馬座順行。日落后可向西南方低空用望遠鏡嘗試觀測。

Venus travels in prograde motion in Sagittarius. It can be observed in the lower southwestern sky after sunset with a telescope.

火星

在金牛座逆行,12月8日14時火星沖日。日落后,明亮的火星從東北方升起,整夜可見。火星沖日前后是一年中觀測條件最好的時期。

Mars travels in retrograde motion in Taurus. It reaches opposition with the sun on December 8th at 14. The bright Mars rises after sunset and remains observable all night. Mars near opposition is in the best time of the year to observe.

木星

在雙魚座順行。入夜后明亮的木星位于南方天空,前半夜可以觀測。

Jupiter travels in prograde motion in Pisces. At dusk, the bright Jupiter appears in the southern sky and can be observed in the earlier portion of the night.

土星

在摩羯座順行。入夜后位于西南方天空,晚上10時左右落下。

Saturn travels in prograde motion in Capricornus. It appears in the southwestern sky at nightfall and sets at 10 p.m.

流星雨

12月4日至12月20日,作為北半球三大流星雨之一的雙子座流星雨進入活躍期,其中極大期預計出現在12月14日21時,天頂每時出現率(ZHR)為150。輻射點在入夜后即自東北偏東方升起,但在23點后會受月光影響。

From December 4th to 20th, one of the three major meteor showers in the northern hemisphere, the Geminid Meteor Shower enters its active period. The meteor shower will reach maximum at 2l:00 on December 14th. Its Zenithal Hourly Rate (ZHR) is 150. The radiant will rise from east-northeast after sunset; however, the visibility of the meteor shower will be affected by moonlight after 23:00.

小知識:火星的衛星

火衛一

在西方神話中,火星被譽為戰神,名叫馬爾斯(Mars),火星有兩顆不規則的小衛星——火衛一和火衛二,它們是由美國天文學家阿薩夫·霍爾在1877年8月觀測發現的,隨后霍爾以戰神之子的名字將它們分別命名為福波斯(Phobos,意為“恐懼”)和得摩斯(Deimos,意為“恐怖”)。

火衛一的尺寸約為27千米×22千米×18千米,距離火星表面只有約6000千米,公轉周期約8小時,每天可繞火星運行3周,由于它比火星自轉的速度還快,因此在火星上看來,它是西升東落地運行的。火衛一每隔一個世紀就會向火星靠近20米,這意味著它在大約1100萬年后要么撞向火星表面,要么被潮汐力撕碎分裂成一個圍繞火星運動的環。

火衛二尺寸約為15千米×12千米×10千米,軌道高度約為20000千米,每30小時左右繞火星運行1周。監測發現,火衛二正在慢慢遠離火星。

火星的這些小衛星的起源尚不清楚,但大多數科學家認為它們是被火星引力捕獲的小行星。

輪值主編:張水乃

制作、編輯:王科超

英文版設計:朱曼清

(金陵中學)ZHU manqing

來源: 紫金山天文臺